Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse - 1558 Words

In every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the right to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and discrimination (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence.†¦show more content†¦If violence was to take place between two intimate women in a lesbian relationship, the violence would seem to be nothing more than a cat fight. It would not be surprising for the majority to ask what harm could really be done by two women. The violence that exists between women in a lesbian relationship is in deliberate opposition to the traditional female/feminine gender role stereotype deeply entrenched in the society. This stereotype combined with the belief that women are naturally weak and lack stature and strength to inflict any serious harm to each other calls for the dismissal of any serious violence between two intimate women (Walters, 2011). Currently, there is a consensus in statistics regarding the rate of lesbian intimate partner violence. However, it is thought that the occurrence of lesbian intimate partner violence is comparable to the heterosexual domestic violence rates. Studies conducted in the past indicated that between 41 percent and 68 percent of all lesbians have at one point experienced some kind of abuse in the intimate relationship in the hands of their partners. The studies estimate that 90 percent of lesbians experience verbal abuse while between 7 percent and 48 percent experience physical abuse. Apparently, between 5 percent and 57 percent of women in lesbian relationships experience some kind of sexual assault within the relationships context at some point in their life. Due toShow MoreRelated Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse In The Lesbian Community Essay examples1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that aRead MoreIntimate Partner And Sexual Violence1555 Words   |  7 Pagesreport of the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence 2010 survey, will provide statistical information on victims who experienced one or more violent crimes from their husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend. These crimes arrange from stalking, rape, to physical and mental abuse. It will examine the impact of intimate partner violence on gender, race, and ethnicity. This report will give an overview of health consequences and the implications for prevention for Intimate Partner and Sexual ViolenceRead MoreViolence Has Long Been A Way Of Life871 Words   |  4 Pagesthere can be no peace without violence. When intimate partners are the ones being violent to an already concord and settled land the state of the nation suffers economic back lash from social planning prevention to the strain on the health care system and holds the victims to a lower standers with social stigma of helplessness. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is threatened or actual physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former spouse or partner. Typically thought of as violence from manRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Sexual Violence Against Women and Children1102 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Sexual Violence: Rape Demonstrations (1) Walthen, CN, Harriet, MA, and Macmillan, L (2003) Interventions for Violence Against Women: Scientific Review. JAMA. 5 Feb 2003. Vol. 289, No.5. Retrieved from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=195898 The work of Walthen, Harriet, and Macmillan (2003) examines intimate partner violence and how it is prevalent and associated with significant impairment however, the report states that it is not clear which interventions if any serve to reduceRead MoreThe Problem Of Abusive Relationships936 Words   |  4 PagesI would first like to start off by saying that this has been a very difficult topic for me. That is why I have waited until the last minute to post this week. It has only been a year since I have left my fourteen year abusive marriage. I hide the abuse from all of my friends and family. When you are in the situation you do not realize how bad it is until you are almost dead or in jail. An abusive relationship is like a leaking faucet that starts with a slow drip and over time the slow drip has becomeRead MoreA New Movie Coming This Fall983 Words   |  4 Pagescoming this fall has everyone talking. A tall, dark and handsome stranger meets the shy, innocent sweetheart. It s the classic story: boy meets girl, boy loves girl... Boy abuses girl? The Fifty Shades of Grey book trilogy and soon to be released movie have become a global phenomenon, but the underscore of intimate partner violence in the book has gone greatly unnoticed. Labelled as â€Å"mommy porn,† the book series has been one of the first BDSM erotica novels to reach the mainstream. The series hasRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Domestic Violence1098 Words   |  5 PagesREMINGTON COLLEGES INC. Intimate Partner Violence Domestic violence Cheyannica Newson 12/16/2014 â€Æ' What is intimate partner violence? Intimate partner violence is when a partner is physical and sexually abused. Intimate violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples. Twenty seven percent of women and nearly 12% of men in the United States have experienced contact sexual, violence, physical, or stalking by an intimate partner (Prevent Domestic Violence in Your Community, 2014)Read MoreDomestic Violence Effects On The United States Of America Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesculture. Domestic abuse is a growing problem that affects millions of people in all types of relationships. The emotions that accompanies through domestic violence causes pain through physical assaults and long lasting psychological trauma. The long extensive abuse leads to death. There are several areas of domestic violence. In this comparison study I will identify and describe four major areas of domestic violence, which include physical abuse, mental/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic ho micideRead MoreShould We Do More With Domestic Violence Or Is It Exaggerated?1104 Words   |  5 Pagesjust hitting, or fighting, or an occasional argument. It is a constant abuse of power. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by deliberately threatening, intimidation and physical violence. When physical violence happens, it is often the end result of months and years of demoralizing and controlling behavior (Webster). 　　　　Domestic abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse between individuals who have at some time had an intimate or family relationship (Webster). Although domestic violence is a veryRead MoreThe Victims Of The Victim864 Words   |  4 Pageswrongdoers. A crime in specific in which there are many myths and stigmas associated to victims is rape. Many people believe that with rape the victims always attract rapist by the way they dress and behave. These factors are always incorrect because rape is a sexually violent act done to gain control and power over a victim. Myth One-Rape is Uncommon Many people are unaware of multiple cases of rape due to underreporting. The factors that causes underreporting is not uncommon and they affect victim’s

The Mexican And Chinese Cultures - 988 Words

1. Cultural diversity is defined as â€Å"the different combinations of cultural and subcultural minorities (e.g. ethnic, racial, national, religious, generational, marital status, socioeconomic, occupational, health status and preference in life partner orientations) coexisting in a given location† (Estes, 2014). The Mexican and Chinese cultures are two cultures from separate geographic continents that I will be analyzing in this paper. The Chinese culture has numerous different cultures. Hans Chinese will be the focus here. Mà ©xico is where the Mexican culture is found. Mà ©xico is a country located in North America, south of the United States. Mà ©xico has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mà ©xico. Mà ©xico†¦show more content†¦Hans Chinese are the largest population in the world. They sometimes refer themselves as â€Å"Yan Huang Zisun†, God emperors of Yan and Huang. (www.cultural-china.com) When Chinese and Mexican people come to America, they must be able to enculturate and acculturate in order to function and survive in the American culture. This is a process that is influenced strongly by home and family. Educating one’s self and their children will be priority. The Chinese and Mexican cultures both have strong ties to influencing or â€Å"enculturating† their children whether they live in China, Mexico, or in the United States. Enculturation is â€Å"The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values.† (Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 2 Sept. 2014.) Enculturation teaches moral values, behaviors, expectations, rituals and language. This helps unify people to functioning in society, school in communities and throughout. Although America is made up of a vast number of cultures. When people arrive here from other cultures that are not as prominent in America, they must learn to â€Å"acculturate† into the American society. Acculturate is defined as â€Å"Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also a merging of cultures.† (Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 2

Identify Risk, Threats, and Vulnerabilities Free Essays

Some risks that I have identified are social engineering techniques due to the excessive trust given to messages coming from friends, contacts or followed people within the OSN(Online-Social Network) identity theft and information leaking furthermore, spam sending and malware distribution through Social Networks are increasing at an incredible pace. They are not the only threats. Within the World Wide Web, social network is becoming the favorite target for cybercriminals. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify Risk, Threats, and Vulnerabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now This Attention requires an intensive focusing of web security efforts and money the most significant threats along with the common vulnerabilities exploited. Sensitive attribute inference through machine learning algorithms it is possible to infer sensitive data from one user. Collecting data from user’s contacts and experimented attacker can predict some not explicit data. For example, if all the friends of one user belong to one political party, it is safe to predict that the user has the same political tendencies. Excessive exposition of private data inadequate privacy configuration settings may lead to publishing sensitive information. Some of the threats are private data management is a key feature that I have found inside of social networks. Digital dossier building- Everyone can collect published information through different OSN about one user and extract a complete dossier about it, Secondary Data Collection users may grant the platform secondary information (such as IP address, contacts list, messages or visited pages) Re-identification in spite of using fake data to register on a Social Network it is feasible to associate users shared data (such as text, photos, and video’s) with real names or e-mail directions. Vulnerabilities associated with OSN it is difficulty to completely remove all user information when deleting an account. When users try to leave a Social Network, license agreement clauses appear rights that are transferred to the platform when the content is uploaded. Thus if one would like to remove there uploaded material, it would find that the only way to do so is by deleting the videos or photos one by one manually another vulnerability would be weak authentication method on the internet are one of the most important vulnerabilities that web environments have nowadays. The combination of user-name and password is commonly misused by the user who seeks easy-to-remember login details (such as short user-name and passwords, passwords with no combination of numbers and letters same username and password for several domains) another vulnerability is non-validation of users data during registration process. Most of the OSN do not use a validation process during new user’s registration. Unfortunately, just checking a valid email address, the preferred validation requirements, is not an adequate method, which leads to proliferation of fake populating the network. In conclusion On-line social networks represent one of the last and most important internet services most of the enterprises hesitate to integrate OSN into their business model, this new phenomenon cannot be ignored, but neither can be adopted without knowing the risks account when attempting to protect users and systems. I have identified the risk, the threats that compromise them and noted the vulnerabilities exploited by those threats. How to cite Identify Risk, Threats, and Vulnerabilities, Papers

Reflective Summary for Practical Communication - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflective Summary for Practical Communication Skills. Answer: Self-reflection on past experience is an essential practice that enables the development of practical communication skills, improvement of future performance and conflict resolution. This summary provides a personal reflection on the work I have done on oral presentation. Ideally, oral presentation relays information engagingly and interestingly. My presentation is about QUANTAS. This is one of the most regarded airways with global recognition. It has maintained a strong brand image by offering high-quality services to travelers and global transportation of goods which has enabled it to win its customers preference and trust. In the oral presentation, I have concentrated on a vast range of cases of QANTAS whereby some competent professional auditors are working for the development and improvement of the entire industry. Mostly, business analysis and evaluation concentrate on the financial reports of a firm. Having an excellent mastery of accounting and management knowledge has enabled me to efficiently analyze all the financial information available in QANTAS financial report. I used a range of sources to gather information about the firm. For instance, I used Textbooks to study various cases and conduct literature reviews about the firm. I also got other relevant information from some websites related to QANTAS, Journal articles, and company reports We formed a team of two members and adequately delegated roles to each other. We held meetings and worked together as a group by supporting and encouraging each other. There was an adequate exchange of information between us through clear understanding, effective communication and working together as a cohesive team throughout the period. After collecting all the relevant information, the next step entailed arranging them in slides to hold the presentation. We then decided to do the presentation together as a team. Forming the presentation was not an easy task as sometimes, we could disagree on the visual and layout of the slides. However. Through understanding and better communication skills, we managed to complete the presentation finally. Our primary strength as a team was our ability to try to understand and agree with each other in most instances. Our primary focus was to find an accurate way to solve any conflicts and disagreements that emerged between us during the group process. I made consistent efforts to collect as much information as possible about my topic and make the presentation more in-depth and exciting. Besides, time management emerged as one of my significant challenges. This is because, as a team, we had different availabilities, making it difficult to attain the final goal. But in the end, there is an adage which goes- "where there is a will there is a way" so going by this, we finally achieved our objective by completing the task. I have definitely enhanced my knowledge and understanding of different topics by participating in the presentation. Moreover, this group presentation project has enabled me to sharpen my skills and confidence in different areas of my study throughout the weeks that we were involved in preparing the presentation of the project.

Critically evaluate how psychological theories, Essay Example

Critically evaluate how psychological theories, Essay Critically measure how psychological theories, constructs and accounts have been applied by prison Psychologists in Prisons. Ever since the 1960s and 70s the function of prisons within the societal cloth has been questioned and deconstructed. Surveies such as Michel Foucault’sDiscipline and Punish( 1991 ) , G.M. Sykes’Society of Prisoners: Study of a Maximum Security Prison( 1992 ) and impressions such as Irving Goffman’s total institutions’ in his bookRefuges( 1971 ) have systematically asserted the importance of the prison in the psychosocial makeup of Western society. For these writers, the prison represents more than simply a topographic point of captivity or penalty, it goes to really bosom of a society’s relationship to the people that both transgress and continue the jurisprudence ; inSimulacra and Simulation( 2004 ) , for case Jean Baudrillard makes the observation that prison serves the map of a mask to conceal the existent carceral nature of the socius ( Baudrillard, 2004: 12 ) and, harmonizing to Foucault, prison is simply one of many enunciative modalitiesâ₠¬â„¢ ( Foucault, 1989: 55 ) that shape the episteme and make societal Others. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate how psychological theories, specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate how psychological theories, specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critically evaluate how psychological theories, specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Of class, what links many of these positions is the connexion between the prison and the refuge, criminalism and mental unwellness. Foucault’s work on prisons came after his doctorial thesisMadness and Civilization( 2004 ) and Goffman’s survey on establishments for the insane crosses over, at assorted points to discourse prisons and their utilizations ; in fact Goffman is rather blunt that, in his position at least, the prison and the insane refuge portion non merely intrinsic qualities but intrinsic societal maps and his description of a entire establishment could easy be used to depict the both: A entire establishment may be defined as a topographic point of abode and work where a big figure of like-situated persons, cut off from the wider society, for an appreciable period of clip, together lead an enclosed, officially administered unit of ammunition of life. ( Goffman, 1971: 11 ) It is small admiration, so, that more and more, as we shall see, the prison psychologist is seen as an of import practical and theoretical quilting point between the two impressions ; criminalism and the head of the felon. This essay attempts to look at this dialogical subject measuring the topographic point of the prison psychologist today and what they can state us approximately, non merely the wrongdoer and the whole impression of piquing but the prison and the pattern of imprisonment itself. In their 1963 workPentonville: A Sociological Study of an English Prison( 1963 ) , Barer, Morris and Morris describe the distinguishable deficiency of any psychiatric or psychological professionals working within the English penal system: The most dramatic characteristic of the medical services at Pentonville is their concentration on physical unwellness and their about entire deficiency of proviso for mental unwellness. The prison has no head-shrinker, no psychologist and makes no usage of advisers in these disciplines. ( Barer, Morris and Morris, 1963: 39 ) This state of affairs has changed enormously since 1963. Today there are 12 countries in England and Wales each with its ain squad of forensic psychologists and helpers who are expected to supply services for non merely the captives in their country but for those on probation as good [ 1 ] . As Graham Towl and David Crighton suggest in their essay Applied Psychological Services in the National Probation Services for England and Wales ( 2005:1 ) this state of affairs is non merely likely to go on but the sum of psychologists required will likely increase. Due in portion to the complex nature of the prison service, the function of the prison psychologist extends far beyond the bounds of the mentally ill. As we shall see, their function is every bit much concerned with the nature of imprisonment and with its consequence on those within it as with the captives themselves. One of the most celebrated illustrations of this, of class is the Stanford Prison experiment carried out in 1973 by Haney, Banks and Zimbardo. In this seminal piece of research a group of healthy, psychologically sound male college pupils were observed, throughout the class of six yearss, in a prison-like environment ( Haney and Zimbardo, 1998 ) . The results of the experiment, harmonizing to the experimenters themselves were shocking and unexpected ( Haney and Zimbardo, 1998: 1 ) : Otherwise emotionally strong college pupils who were indiscriminately assigned to be mock-prisoners suffered acute psychological injury and dislocations. Some of the pupils begged to be released from the intense strivings of less than a hebdomad of simply fake imprisonment, whereas others adapted by going blindly obedient to the unfair authorization of the guards. ( Haney and Zimbardo, 1998: 1 ) Interestingly, the experiment was repeated about thirty old ages subsequently by the BBC in a telecasting plan calledThe Experiment, that managed, unlike Zimbardo’s original research to finish the jutting class of two hebdomads ( BBC, 2002 ) [ 2 ] . The Stanford undertaking was instantly seized on by the populace, the media and the Government and became, as George Miller asserted an example of the manner in which psychological research could and should be given off to the public ( Haney and Zimbardo, 1998: 1 ) chiefly due to the of import lessons that it taught both society and the experimenters about the establishments that from so much a portion of our public cloth. At its bosom, the Zimbardo experiment dealt with the kineticss of prison life, the ways in which captives act with each other and the guards. It is non hard to see how such research can help us in our cognition of both the penal system and the wider society. A figure of psychological constructs arose from surveies such as the Stanford experiment that still shape the manner prison psychologists view their work today.Polarization, for case, mentioning to the internal psychosocial kineticss of the prison has been used non merely in the carceral state of affairs vis-a-vis the ways in which guards dainty inmates but besides, as Claster ( 1992 ) points out in the wider society that polarizes offense and felons themselves, adding to the sense of division that exists between the jurisprudence and its transgressors [ 3 ] . Prisonisation, a term foremost used by Clemmer ( 1940 ) to depict the psychological socialization of captives, had a pronounced consequence in the Zimbardo undertaking that noticed, among other things, the willingness of the inmates to demur their submissive functions in the experiment.Prisonisationinvolves the initiation of the person into a universe that is governed by unusual and unintelligible regulations and ordinances and has been used of all time since the 1950s as a method by which to understand the differing reactions of captives to their environment ( Ohlin, 1956:38 ) . One of the most of import constructs to originate out of the Stanford undertaking was that ofdeindividuation.Deindividuationrefers to the deficiency of self-awareness that arises out of being portion of a group state of affairs ( Wortley, 2002: 26 ) . In the prison environment,deindividuationmanifests itself in the types of inhuman treatment displayed by the guards in the experiment but could every bit be applied to the ways in which captives form groups and packs in order to rid of their single duty that is masked by the crowd as Wortely ( 2002 ) suggests: As a member of a crowd, an person is afforded a grade of namelessness and becomes less concerned with the sentiments and possible animadversion of others. At this degree of deindividuation, people may be cognizant of what they are making but have a decreased outlook of enduring any negative consequences. ( Wortley, 2002: 26 ) The function of the prison psychologist so extends far beyond the bounds of the mentally sick and can, in certain fortunes consequence all mode of different facets of the penal system, from the architecture to the mundane running. Concepts such as those that we have been looking constitute non merely a organic structure of theoretical cognition but tools with which authoritiess and other bureaus can mensurate the efficaciousness of their penal plans [ 4 ] . However we must inquire how successful are prison psychologists, such Zimbardo and Clemmer in using psychological constructs and models to existent penal environments? The reply to this, I think prevarications in the complexness of the prison experience. For illustration Lloyd E. Ohlin in his surveySociology and the Field of Corrections( 1956 ) gives an edifying review of the early impressions ofprisonisationasseverating that any decisions refering the nature and extent of psychological socialization of a captive is, by its really nature unfastened to all mode of differing influences: Prisonization ( sic ) was†¦found to be related in some grade to the length of the captivity. The procedure proceeded really quickly in some instances and easy or non at all in others ( and ) was closely related to the grade of engagement in the informal societal life of the prison community ( Ohlin, 1956: 38 ) This procedure is likely to be affected by non merely the length of stay of the captive but their background, the environment of the prison, their relationship to the guards and an about unlimited series of variables that would render any empirical result hard if non impossible to measure. We see this besides with a impression such asdeindividuation, particularly as it was observed by the psychologists in the Stanford undertaking that sought, after all, to animate an environment thatresembled, instead than reallywas, a prison. Sociological surveies such as Sykes ( 1992 ) and Barer, Morris and Morris ( 1963 ) have highlighted the extent that a prison consists of a complex series of societal and psychological beds, each with its ain members, traits and sense of community. By merely animating the simplistic double star of guard/prisoner could non prison psychologists such as Zimbardo be seen as ignoring some of the complex nature of prison society? The impression that the power afforded prison guards engenders abuse was one of the major decisions of the Stanford undertaking, nevertheless, as Joycelyn Pollock suggests, once more the world seems to be much more complex. Kercher and Martin ( cited Pollock 1986: 4 ) , for case, found that the attitudes prison guards had towards their captives varied tremendously from prison to prison and from guard to guard, being more a contemplation of where single guards were in their calling rhythm than any deeper psychological inclinations. This suggests once more that psychological research carried out on little capable groups do non interpret peculiarly good to the larger existent establishment. I said in my debut that it has become de rigueur for penal theoreticians to see the prison as reflective of the wider society and, possibly, prison psychological science is no exclusion. Commensurate with impressions of the postmodern disintegration of subject boundaries, the modern-day prison psychologist must, I think, be acutely cognizant of the full influence of a immense scope of factors on the lives of the people they see mundane ; from the architecture, to the elusive alterations in group kineticss, from changes in theory to the alterations in socio-political ethos of the regulating organic structures. This is, possibly, a theoretical point of view that is losing from canonical surveies like Zimbardo or Clemmer and that we merely begin to see as theoreticians like Foucault began to exercise influence. Mentions Barer, Barbara, Morris, Pauline and Morris, Terance ( 1963 ) ,Pentonville: A Sociological Study, ( London: Routledge ) Baudrillard, Jean ( 2004 ) ,Simulacra and Simulation, ( Ann Arbour: The University of Michigan ) BBC ( 2002 ) , Shocking Experiment Recreated for TV published online at hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/1986889.stm Blass, Thomas ( 2000 ) ,Obedience to Authority: Current Positions on the Milgram Program, ( London: Lawrence Erlbaum ) Clemmer, Donald ( 1940 ) ,The Prison Community, ( Boston: The Christopher Publishing House ) Crace, John ( 2002 ) , The Prison of TV , published inThe Guardian, May 14Thursday2002 Foucault, Michel ( 1991 ) ,Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, ( London: Penguin ) Foucault, Michel ( 2004 ) ,Madness and Civilization, ( London: Routledge ) Foucault, Michel ( 1989 ) ,The Archaeology of Knowledge, ( London: Routledge ) Goffman, Erving ( 1971 ) ,Refuges: Essaies on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates, ( London: Pelican ) Gross, Richard ( 2003 ) ,Subjects, Issues and Debates in Psychology, ( London: Hodder and Stoughton ) Haney, Craig and Zimbardo, Philip ( 1998 ) , The Past and Future of U.S. Prison Policy: Twenty Five Old ages After the Stanford Prison Experiment, published inAmerican Psychologist, Vol. 53 Harre, R and Secord, P.F. ( 1976 ) ,The Explanation of Social Behaviour, ( London: Blackwell ) Malim, Tony ( 1997 ) ,Social Psychology, ( London: Macmillan ) Ohlin, Lloyd ( 1956 ) ,Sociology and the Field of Corrections, ( London: Russell Sage Foundation ) Pollock, Joycelyn M. ( 1986 ) ,Sexual activity and Supervision: Guarding Male and Female Inmates, ( London: Greenwood Press ) Sykes, G. ( 1992 ) ,Society of Prisoners: Study of a Maximum Security Prison, ( New Jersey: Princeton University ) Towl, Graham and Crighton, David ( 2005 ) , Applied Psychological Services in the National Probation Service for England and Wales , published in Crighton, David and Towl, Graham ( explosive detection systems ) ,Psychology in Probation Services, ( London: Blackwell ) Wettstein, Robert ( 1998 ) ,Treatment of Wrongdoers with Mental Disorders, ( London: The Guildford Press ) Wortley, Richard ( 2002 ) ,Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions, ( Cambridge: Cambridge University ) 1

Free Essays on The Puritans And English Revolution

The Puritans and the English Revolution INTRODUCTION It is the main aim of this paper to show the Puritan not only as a religious reforming force but also as a human being and a cultural phenomenon. I will endeavour to investigate 1) how Puritanism came into being; 2) what the basics of Puritanism were and how the various branches of the movement differed; 3) how and why Puritanism came to dominate the Civil War and the ensuing Interregnum of the 17th century; and 4) what became of the movement and what changes it wrought in English society. My sincerest thanks to Thomas Simonsen for proof-reading the first draft. CRUCIAL DATES 1559 Elizabethan Settlement of church and state 1603 Ascension of James I 1605 Gunpowder Plot 1625 Ascension of Charles I 1638 Scottish rebellion 1641 Irish rebellion against Protestant settlers 1642 Charles I attempts to arrest 5 MPs; Civil War breaks out 1645 The battle of Naseby; Civil War ends 1647 The Army rebels against Presbyterian attempts to disband it 1648 The Army purges Parliament of non-radical MPs 1649 Charles I executed; House of Lords abolished; beginning of Commonwealth 1653 Parliament dissolved by Oliver Cromwell; beginning of Protectorate 1658 Richard Cromwell inherits his father's office 1660 Charles II restored by General Monk 1673 Test Act 1685 Ascension of James II 1688 The Glorious Revolution THE REFORMATION AND THE RISE OF PURITANISM To understand the rise of Puritanism some knowledge of what had gone before it is needed. Like any movement in history Puritanism did not appear overnight or for no reason. The foundations for the rise of the movement were laid down when, after centuries of religious orthodoxy, the Reformation occurred in the 16th century. The Catholic church in England had been unpopular on several occasions. The Benedictine Reform of the 10th century and the discontent with the Catholic church in the 14th century, when the English were ... Free Essays on The Puritans And English Revolution Free Essays on The Puritans And English Revolution The Puritans and the English Revolution INTRODUCTION It is the main aim of this paper to show the Puritan not only as a religious reforming force but also as a human being and a cultural phenomenon. I will endeavour to investigate 1) how Puritanism came into being; 2) what the basics of Puritanism were and how the various branches of the movement differed; 3) how and why Puritanism came to dominate the Civil War and the ensuing Interregnum of the 17th century; and 4) what became of the movement and what changes it wrought in English society. My sincerest thanks to Thomas Simonsen for proof-reading the first draft. CRUCIAL DATES 1559 Elizabethan Settlement of church and state 1603 Ascension of James I 1605 Gunpowder Plot 1625 Ascension of Charles I 1638 Scottish rebellion 1641 Irish rebellion against Protestant settlers 1642 Charles I attempts to arrest 5 MPs; Civil War breaks out 1645 The battle of Naseby; Civil War ends 1647 The Army rebels against Presbyterian attempts to disband it 1648 The Army purges Parliament of non-radical MPs 1649 Charles I executed; House of Lords abolished; beginning of Commonwealth 1653 Parliament dissolved by Oliver Cromwell; beginning of Protectorate 1658 Richard Cromwell inherits his father's office 1660 Charles II restored by General Monk 1673 Test Act 1685 Ascension of James II 1688 The Glorious Revolution THE REFORMATION AND THE RISE OF PURITANISM To understand the rise of Puritanism some knowledge of what had gone before it is needed. Like any movement in history Puritanism did not appear overnight or for no reason. The foundations for the rise of the movement were laid down when, after centuries of religious orthodoxy, the Reformation occurred in the 16th century. The Catholic church in England had been unpopular on several occasions. The Benedictine Reform of the 10th century and the discontent with the Catholic church in the 14th century, when the English were ...

How can Sainsburys develop an effective marketing plan to position Research Proposal

How can Sainsburys develop an effective marketing plan to position themselves in the UK SUPERMARKET - Research Proposal Example een noticed that there is a lack of new entrants in the market because of economic fluctuations and stagnation of technological advancement in the country. Based on the data achieved from the last year i.e. 2012, it was found that the revenue generated through the supermarket retailing segment was around  £134 billion, which reveals an average annual growth of 1.3 percent from 2008-13 (IBIS World, 2013). This segment offers employment to approximately 945,694 people in the UK. According to IGD Research the supermarket segment performed its best in 2001, as a growth of 6.5 percent was registered; this kept diminishing since then and came down to 3.3 percent in 2003. The market fluctuated ever since and in 2011 it was recorded to be around 3.8 percent (Institute of Grocery Distribution, 2012). Tesco has the highest market share in the UK, which is about 30 percent, then comes Asda and J Sainsbury (Grocery News, 2013). The problem statement of this research study is to identify the current status of the supermarket segment in the UK. In order to develop an effective marketing plan for Sainsbury’s, a comprehensive analysis of various supermarkets would be done, especially those which are successfully doing business in the country. The customer’s attitude would be evaluated to understand their views on supermarkets present in the UK. The objective of this study at first is to identify the existing players in the market and evaluate the market trend accordingly. Secondly, secondary as well as primary data would be collected in order to understand the needs and preferences of the customers in case of shopping from supermarkets. Lastly, a marketing plan has to be designed for a supermarket chain called Sainsbury’s, so that it can effectively grab market share and be among the market leaders in the UK. This study mainly focuses on designing an effective marketing plan for Sainsbury’s, so that it can grab a higher market share in the UK and carry on profitable

Comparison between Confucius and Lao Tzu Research Paper

Comparison between Confucius and Lao Tzu - Research Paper Example The teachings associated with Confucius can be considered as concepts of human activities and they contain five fundamental messages. The initial message demonstrates two key components which are Zen and li. The concept of Zen points toward humanity and benevolence while li addresses rules and decorum. According to Confucius, li was the greatest manifestation of Zen despite the fact that Zen is attained through li. This means that the capability to abide by rules and decorum was the most favorable way to display respect and regard to the authority figure and the environment inhabited by individuals. The second message associated with the teachings states that an individual who is honest and decent should obey the authority and avails a set of morals for people in authority. These two mechanisms demonstrated the opinions held by Confucius concerning the framework of the state as well as the manner in which the community is organized socially. The third message carries Confuciusâ€℠¢ warning to human beings against possessing anything that will make their characters become extreme. Confucius perceives the center as being the most favorable position for an individual. The fourth message addresses issues of power and Confucius considers that it should be based on the ideology of justice. In essence, he blended the ideas of power and justice into one concrete formation. The final message argues that the human beings have to be completely involved and realistic to the religion they confess.

Coporate Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coporate Accounting - Research Paper Example There are instances in which the subsidiary and the holding company prepare their financial statements using conflicting policies and principles. In these cases, the parent company has the responsibility of making the necessary adjustments in order to have the subsidiary statements restated to become uniform to that of the holding company. This has to be done before the line-by-line consolidation of summing the respective asset and liabilities are done to arrive at the consolidated figure (Deegan, 2010). A breach of this accounting requirement will mean that the financial statements are inconsistent with the set principles, hence making them unreliable and untrue. Consolidation of inventory will be used to show how the adjustments should be done. AASB 102 demands that inventory be measured using the lower of cost and net realizable value to ensure that the financial statements are not over or under valued. The cost here includes the purchase price, import costs and any cost incurred to bring the stock to its current state. Inventory should also be tested for impairment in order to avoid possible overstatement in the financial statement. In case the subsidiary accounts for stock by violating this requirement, the holding company will have to do the necessary adjustment to ensure that the value posted in the financial statements are uniform. ... The second financial statement asset that is susceptible to errors during consolidation is property, plant, and equipment. The property, plant, and equipment are the long-term assets of the business that are utilized in the production of goods or delivery of services in order to earn revenue to the business. Accounting standard requires that in reporting the value of this item in the balance sheet, depreciation be subtracted from the purchase price to arrive at the net value (Deegan, 2010). Similarly, companies should test the property for impairment and expense any impairment losses in the income statement. The impairment value will also be used to reduce the value of the asset in the statement of financial position. It must, however, be noted that in calculating the depreciation amount, the holding company and its subsidiary might use different measurement bases. Depreciation can either be calculated using the straight-line basis or the reducing balance method. The holding company will, therefore, have to make adjustment to have the depreciation value determined using same method. For example, if the holding company calculates its depreciation using the straight-line method while the subsidiary does the same by the use of reducing balance, the parent company will have to adjust the depreciation values according to the straight-line method. The final consolidated value will then be determined by summing the net values of the property, plant, and equipment. In summary, adding the asset values that are arrived at by use of different measurement bases is inappropriate and violates the accounting rules and standards. The preparers of the financial statements must, therefore, make the necessary measurement adjustments before summing the respective assets and

Analysis Of Short Story Daisy Miller

Analysis Of Short Story Daisy Miller It is very interesting to analyze this short novel à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Daisy Miller written by Henry James. This novel has a lot of fascinating things ready to be discovered and understood, and behind the story of the novel a lot of symbols are hidding ready to be dyscovered and understood. This symbols are revealing a new perspective upon the story, a new way of understanding the narrative. Another interesting thing noticed in Daisy Miller is the permanent contrast that is being created, like a symbolic opposition between summer and winter, hot and cold, youth and old age, flower (daisy) and winter, life and death. Daisy Miller herself is an image situated in the middle of contrastive opinions, she plays the part of the innocent girl, being permanently judged by society, judged by Winterbourne, although deep inside she is innocent and pure; so, an incongruity between reality and appearance is being created. Another interesting aspect of this novel is the setting. From the beginning of the book, the author makes a great introduction by situating the action, placing the reader slowly in the situation. Firstly the location is being named: At the little town in Veney, in Switzerland, so, the place is set. The narrative technique used by the author in the first paragraphs is a very interesting one. The image is firstly enlarged and then slowly with every word, the background converges, persisting on the description of the hotel and the tourist, ending by setting the time: a beautiful summer morning and then concentrating on one of the novels character: Winterbourne. So, a part of the action takes part in Switzerland and another segment of the novels action takes place in Rome. These two settings are notarbitrary chosen, both have a deep significance. These places are symbols of other literary works or genres. Firstly both are tight related with Romantic poets whom Winterbourne deeply regard. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein takes place largely in Switzerland, and Mary Shelley wrote it during the time that she, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron sojourned at Lake Geneva. Mary Shelley and John Keats are both buried in the Protestant Cemetery, which becomes Daisys own final resting place  [4]  . Chapter three starts with the sentence: Winterbourne, who had returned to Geneva the day after his excursion to Chillon, went to Rome towards the end of January  [5]  . This sentence points exactly the three main locations where the action of the novel takes place and where the characters of the novel express their relationships and their attitudes. Not randomly chosen, the capital of Italy, Rome might be seen as a mute character, a silent witness of the action or as a background that links contrastive matters. Rome is the city of Renaissance, the city where art bloomed, a city where the artist might easily find the place to express. Here, Daisy behaves in a very libertine way; she doesnt care about any social or ethical values, maintaining her innocence and her integrity without anybody, especially Winterbourne to notice that. Daisy, like an artist, is only judged and condemned and only after her dead she is being understood and appreciated. In Rome there was a lot of talking about the so called Roman fever; this line has a double significance, although firstly it could be understood as the mothers worry about their daughters, this expression symbolize a disease: malaria, the malady that was haunting the city, and who finally kills Daisy. Another important setting of the novels action is the Coliseum; this is the background where a very important scene takes place. Here Daisy has the final encounter with Winterbourne, here she contacts the fever, malaria and after that she dies. This place is not randomly chose. In ancient times, the Coliseum was a place famous for different fights and contests. But also, the Coliseum is well-known as the place where centuries of Christian martyrdoms took place  [6]  . Considering this background from a symbolic perspective the Coliseum becomes a place where an innocent girl was killed without having any guilt and being pure and sinless just like the Christians in the ancient times. It is typical for Henry James to represent the society of people interested in ideas and refinements of subtle manner. He often was considered as being a cosmopolite because he liked travelling so much and he often moved between America, England and Europe. The conflict between Americans and Europeans can be found as one of the main themes in the background of his novel. This theme has at its basis a modernistic concept specific to the age. The American origin plays a great role in the novel because all the characters that bare this nationality are the greatest characters, that mature and finally achieve a greatness at the end of the novel. The usual image that we find is the one of the American that loses a part of that initial innocence when encountering the figure of the European with life experience. When it comes to James structure of the novel, we can find that almost all of them are structured in the same way. We have a central thing that supremely matters, as James himself said, that all the lines point at. In Daisy Miller , this supreme matter is Winterbourne lust for the discovery of Daisys innocence. As a consequence we have the circular structure of the novel as an approach to the central subject. Henry James offers us situations of a society that he was part of and we can see that in his novels, every incident has its function in providing us more information about a situation or a character. Although we may be tempted to say that he had a sort of realism in his works, the only reality we can find is the description of a society of conflict.

Pride and Vanity in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Au

Pride and Vanity in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚   Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. In her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen makes the point that an excess of pride or vanity is indeed a failing. Pride, observed Mary, . . . is a very common failing, I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or another, real or imaginary. Pride and/or vanity is exhibited in different forms by each character. Those characters who can recognize their flaw emerge as the true heroes of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In many minor characters of the novel, pride is a common characteristic. Mrs. Bennet, for instance, is extremely proud when it comes to her daughters marriages of mercenary advantage. She is so concerned that her neighbors have a high opinion of her that her own vanity will not even allow her to think of her daughters love and happiness. This is best shown with the case of Elizabeth Bennet's proposed marriage to the esteemed Mr. Collins, a man she did not love. Mrs. Bennet was so upset when her daughter refused Mr. Collins offer that she would not speak to her for passing up such an opportunity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We can see an example of pride for imaginary qualities in Mary Bennet who was herself the speaker of this passage. To the embarrassment of her family, Mary would take every chance she could to put on a show whenever in a public sit... ...s a flaw in their respective characters. Darcy realizes that he must check his pride in order to be seen in a good light by others. Elizabeth, the object of his affections, is so turned off by his prideful ways that a touch of vanity enables him to change himself for her. Elizabeth, while observing the transformations of Darcy, realizes that she, too, has been guilty of too much pride. She sees that she was indeed prejudiced and that she must come to terms with the failings of her family. Darcy and Elizabeth are able to overcome their pride which enables them to live happily ever after. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. 1813. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. Johnson, Claudia L. "Pride and Prejudice and the Pursuit of Happiness." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 367-376.

Money Is Personal Best Friend

Money is personal best friend â€Å"Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. † ~ Jean Paul Sartre everyone uses money. We all want it, work for it and think about it. If you don't know what money is, you are not like most humans. However, the task of defining what money is, where it comes from and what it's worth belongs to those who dedicate themselves to the discipline of economics. While the creation and growth of money seems somewhat intangible, money is the way we get the things we need and want. Here we look at the multifaceted characteristics of money.This investment vehicle is often the perfect stop-gap measure for growing your money. Before the development of a medium of exchange, people would barter to obtain the goods and services they needed. This is basically how it worked: two individuals each possessing a commodity the other wanted or needed would enter into an agreement to trade their goods. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Money is not the only measure of succes s in life For most people in our modern-capitalism world, money is the first thing, and sometimes the only thing that measures success in their life.Money can buy power. Money can buy fame. Money can buy time. Sometimes money can even buy a life. So money has become the first common goal for everybody. However, there is something else that can be the measurement of success in life. One important thing that defines success in our lives is our careers. With different careers, we will have different goals and measurements of our success. If you are an athlete, your success can be measured by lots of things such as wining tournaments, breaking records, playing in the top league or competing in the Olympics.If you are a scientist, the success in your life will mostly depend on your researches. One line of formula that can prove your theory is true can be the great success in your life. If you are a writer, you will probably succeed if your book gets on the best-selling shelf in the books tore or if your works get published in a magazine. If you are a musician, playing in the country’s orchestra or a number of your CDs that have been sold can be counted as the measurement of your success. So we can see that another measurement of success in your life besides money is how much you have succeeded in your career.Success in human life is often measured by numbers. Therefore, everything that can be counted can be used as a measurement. Again, these measurements vary with each career. If you are an athlete maybe it is the number of tournaments or the number of matches you have won. But if you are a writer, it is probably the number of your books that have been sold out or if you are a musician it might be the number of your CDs. Sometimes it could be even a silly thing like the number of girlfriends you have. In fact, it is human nature that we always want to compare ourselves to others.In almost every career there is money involved, and maybe that is the reason why people always look at money as primary measurement of their success – they can easily compare it with the others. The other measurement of success in our lives is awards. For the scientists one of the greatest accomplishments in their life is to win a Nobel Prize, for the writers there is the Pulitzer award, for actors and actresses there is an academy award, for musicians a Grammy’s and so on. These things are different from the other measurements in that it is judged by other people not ourselves.Besides those measurements we can compare them with other people or let other people measure our success, sometimes just accomplishing our wishes or dreams can be measures of success in our lives. So it does not matter that you have won the world championships or just the tournament in your school, working in the biggest company in the country or just set up your small company. If it is your dream, you have already succeeded in your life. The common goal in people’s life is to be peaceful and happy.Being the richest man in the world does not mean you are the happiest man in the world, although money can buy you happiness sometimes, but not always. So another measurement of success you are in your is how happy your life is. It might be having a warm family and children, having lots of friends or maybe just having someone who truly loves you. In addition, as times change, the measurement of success in life also changes. For examples, wealth, thing that many people use to judge success in one’s life, is changing when time has passed.Thousands of years ago when humans were still a cavemen, it might have been how big you cave was. Hundreds of years ago it might have been how big your land was. Today it is how much money is in your bank account, so maybe in the future it might be something else. In conclusion, the measurement of success in your live can be many things. It just depends on time, what goals you have and who is the one doing the j udging Money is just the first common, one but it is not the only one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Our living conditions  are gradually improving and  thus  our need  of money  for daily life is on the increase. It is obvious that money is very  helpful  to us, but in addition to  its  benefits, there are many downsides that it has brought  into life. Firstly, money brings about a lot of  advantages as seen from the fact. We use it to equip our houses with furniture, to buy food, clothes and all other things we need to live comfortably. Money is an essential precondition for every student to go to school and for every patient to see a doctor.Moreover, we can use it for charity to help  compensate somewhat our  unfortunate feeling / sense of duty  by making material / financial  contributions. Without money, our living conditions  would be  penurious  / poor,  and  very hard to meet the minimum requirements  / basic needs  in life, which is simply eating or drinking. Apart from those advantages,  money has brought us  numerous downsides. First of all, it makes us grasping. Money is  undoubtedly  very valuable in life, the more money we earn, the more materials we have.Therefore, people always try their best to earn as much money as possible due to their desire to have a better life. Some, however, do not. They want more money simply because of their rivalries. They wish to be as wealthy as millionaires or billionaires  without working for it. This  undeliberat  / unreasonable attitude to life is contrary to  morality. Secondly, money rules over  evil-doing  behaviours  / evil deeds. Earning money legitimately is a difficult task, but some people want it to be an easy one by  committing  conscienceless  / irresponsible  acts which are likely to be robbing or murdering.They are not alive to the fact that such behaviours can end them up in prison. / The road of their lives is certain ly not to become criminal and end up in prison. In  other  words, whether money does  us  good or harm  it  depends greatly on our perception of it. With money in our hands, we should let it be our servants, not our masters in order to build a better and better world where no crimes exist. / We should consider the money in our hands to be our servant, not our master in order to build an increasingly better world without crimes.

King Affonso I of Congo - His life, Accomplishments, and Importance of his Anti-slavery work

King Affonso I of Congo - His life, Accomplishments, and Importance of his Anti-slavery work King Affonso I, the venerated king of Congo, is one of the most influential and groundbreaking characters in the history of Africa. Once he converted to Christianity and became king, Affonso realized the abhorrence of slavery withing his state, for it was completely destroying his country through depopulation. Consequently, he sent a letter to King John of Portugal in 1526, outlining his hopes to eradicate Portugese influence upon his country. Ultimately, King Affonso I of Congo proves to be one of the most innovative modern-day thinkers of his time, for during his captivating life, he was the forerunner in the abolition of slavery, all of which was outlined in his letter to King John of Portugal.King Affonso I of Congo, known as the "people's king," was a man who saw his country not as a group of separate cultures, but rather, as a unified nation (Billings 22). When he was crowned king, he changed his name from Nzinga Mbemba to King Affonso I, hoping to indicate his newfound faith a nd power.Congo CockatooWhen the New World was discovered, a new labor force was needed to grow the cash crops, especially sugar cane in the Carribean. The Portuguese began to negotiate with King Affonso of Congo, convincing him that the slave trade would make him very profitable. King Affonso agreed and the slave trade began. The trade began as thousands of slaves were shipped to the Carribean in the first year, escalating to millions shortly thereafter. However, Affonso soon realized that the immense exportation of slaves had gotten out of hand, for the Portugese began trading with the chiefs instead of him directly, thus undermining his authority. Additionally, when he was converted to Christianity in 1525 A.D, he realized the violation of human rights which his people experienced. Furthermore, in 1526...

Rivera Surname Meaning and Origin

Rivera Surname Meaning and Origin Rivera is a common Hispanic surname bestowed on a person who lived on a riverbank, from ribera, the Spanish word for riverbank. The name may also be a habitational name for someone from any one of the places named Rivera. Rivera is also a northern Italian variation of the surname Ribera, which also means river bank or shore, from the  Italian ribera  (Late Latin riparia), meaning bank, shore. The Rivera surname can be traced back to Gonzalo Là ³pez de Rivera, Lord of the Castle of Rivera in Galicia in the 1200s, according to Instituto Genealà ³gico e Histà ³rico Latinoamericano. Some sources, however, claim that the Riveras are direct descendants of Sancho Belloso, natural-born son of the King of Leà ³n, Ramiro III. Others, that the name dates back to ancient Roman times. Rivera is the 9th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  RIBERA, RIVA, RIVERO, RIVIERE, RIBA Famous People With the Surname Rivera Chita Rivera - American dancer, singer, and actressDiego Rivera - Mexican painter and muralistGeraldo Rivera - American talk show host and journalistJenni Rivera - Mexican American singer Where Do People With the Rivera Surname Live? Rivera is the 260th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears, found in greatest numbers  in Mexico and with the highest density in Puerto Rico where it is the most common surname. The Rivera surname is also very common in Honduras and El Salvador, where it ranks 8th, as well as Nicaragua (19th), Panama (24th), Mexico (29th) and Guatemala (30th). Within Europe, Rivera is most frequently found in Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Extremadura and Galicia regions. The surname is also very common in the United States, especially in the states of New Mexico and New York. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Rivera 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean, and other Spanish speaking countries. Rivera Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Rivera family crest or coat of arms for the Rivera surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Rivera Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Rivera surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Rivera query. FamilySearch - Rivera GenealogyAccess over 4.8 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Rivera surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Rivera RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Rivera surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. RIVERA Surname Family Mailing ListsThis free mailing list for researchers of the Rivera surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - RIVERA Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Rivera. The Rivera Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Rivera from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The organisational change of a packaged manufacturing company of Essay

The organisational change of a packaged manufacturing company of Australia named Amcor - Essay Example The paper tells that in present day’s dynamic and competitive business context, organisations need to adjust with the fluctuating environmental situations by constantly introducing changes so that they can stay competitive and cost-effective. Substantial transformations take place when an organisation carry out changes, for instance, apply new technology, develop union, make acquisition, reduce tasks, reorganise operations, or introduce new programs. Organisational changes are generally encouraged by a requirement to maintain or develop organisations’ efficiency. The efficiency relates to the organisations’ capability to utilise resources competently, to accomplish immediate objectives as well as to embrace the prerequisite to changing business condition. Thus, organisational changes help organisations to stay competent for longer period of time. According to Ackerman, there are three kinds of organisational change which are developmental change, transitional cha nge and transformational change. Developmental change refers to the change for augmenting and developing the present situation of an organisation. It often emphasises on developing the abilities and the procedures. The transitional change denotes shifting from present condition to anticipated condition where provisional shift happens over an organised time period. The transformational change is fundamental in nature and necessitates an alteration in expectations on the part of organisation and the employees. (Ramanathan, 2009). Organisational Development Organisational development is a procedure and activity which helps to bring transformations and accomplish greater efficiencies such as augmented financial performance, improved customer satisfaction and better employee participation among others. The focus of organisational development is to assess the present functioning of organisation and accomplish the objectives by increasing the ability. Organisational change is a wider conce ption than organisational development and can be used in managing the organisational transformation (Cummings & Worley, 2008). The nature of change in Amcor is developmental change because it had applied change across numerous locations, divisions and business units in order to develop the safety measures and improve the performance through reduction of time and cost. Amcor had used the constant improvement approach of change which empowers the employees to lead towards alteration from bottom-up stage. The strategic objective of change for Amcor is to maintain accountability in packaging experience (Manufacturing Skills, 2007). Context and Background Amcor is a manufacturing organisation based in Melbourne (Australia), which produces varieties of plastic, string, copper and glass wrapping products and delivers packaging oriented services. Its business has spread in 24 nations and almost half of the income is derived from outside of Australia. It is known as one of the most significa nt organisations on the basis of market capitalisation, sales and profit in the international market (Charles Sturt University, 2011). With the increased competition in the global market, Amcor had faced the challenges of high raw material price and the need for improving customer and market competences. These aspects had resulted in the requirement of organisational change in Amcor. Amcor operates in a progressively competitive business environment where only the fittest and capable organisation can survive and prosper. Thus, in order to survive in the market, Amcor had transformed the organisational culture and behaviour by implementing lean manufacturing in their

Mentoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mentoring - Essay Example Metros and Yang (2006) trace back the origin of mentoring as a professional activity back to the ancient Greece where the technique was used to impart personal, spiritual and social values in young men. The modern mentoring borrows from the historical apprentice/craftsmen relationship where trade was learnt by young people through copying the master artisan. It was in the 1970s that mentoring was adopted as a career development strategy. Indeed, this cost-saving approach has been universally applied to ensure continuous professional development. This paper evaluates the application of mentoring as a human resource function in the teaching profession. Establishing what mentorship means in the teaching profession and evaluating the resultant benefits, it would be appreciated that mentoring is a universal and cost effective learning and development approach that results in continuous professional development in teaching. Mentoring refers to a relationship where a senior employee takes u p the responsibility of grooming junior or new employees in an organization (Elkin 2006). Interpersonal, political and technical skills would be conveyed from the more experienced employee in this relationship. This makes experience a key concept in mentorship with mentors expected to exude greater experience, achievement and influence. As such, Donnelley (2008) and Rao (2008) refer to a mentor as a counsellor, teacher, skills and intellect developer, guide, exemplar, host and most significantly, facilitator and supporter in the realization of the vision of the kind of life envisioned by the person being mentored, referred to as a protegee. The main objective of mentorship is to help employees attain psychological effectiveness and maturity and also get integrated into the organization. According to Metros and Yang (2006), it provides career advice and personal and professional enrichment to mentees. This could occur at a formal or informal level based on the work culture and top ma nagement commitment. In the teaching profession, the many associated roles including classroom management and discipline, learning new curricula, individualizing student programs, using technology and coordinating extracurricular activities among others could be a challenge for new teachers to handle (Thomas 2012). This could make the achievement of the institutional goals elusive. Mentoring plays a critical role in ensuring that learning institutions achieve their targets. Specifically making an observation of institutions of higher learning, Metro and Yang (2006) observe that these learning institutions previously did not identify or support the professional needs of its staff, focus having been on managing the diverse student clientele. Such practices have however been overtaken by events as more institutions adopt mentorship programs as a way of ensuring continuous professional development for its staff. According to Walcott, the chancellor of the New York City Department of Edu cation, mentorship means much to them, offering crucial support to new members of the profession (2013). At the commencement of each school year, teachers new to the profession would be assigned a mentor to offer personalized support through the first year of their teaching career. In fact, the organization has a system in place to track the mentoring process by matching and documenting all mentoring interactions between the teacher and the mentor. To have

Abortion Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion Issue - Essay Example Regarding the abortion dilemma, here we should adhere to the point that killing a person is a bad action, probably the worst thing to do, according to Kantian Deontology. If a fetus is a person, killing it through abortion beyond dispute is an immoral action, because it has intrinsically immoral roots. Moreover, taking into consideration the fact that a fetus is a person that can’t protect itself and completely depends on another human being, abortion appears to be an extremely atrocious kind of murder. According to Kant, such act as murder shouldn’t be committed under any circumstances ever, because it violates any rules of morality and doing it is unfair towards another person; especially if this person is a weaker vessel which a fetus is. Mill’s position on the matter of abortion is less strict and flexible than the Kantian one. Mill’s Utilitarian doctrine is based on the Greatest Happiness Principle, which claims that people should correlate their acti ons and decisions with their own utility; they should also don’t make any harm to other people, trying to reduce the overall quantity of unhappiness in the world. The fact that a fetus is a person and has a right to live seems to make the resolution of the abortion issue similar to the Kantian one because killing a person can’t bring much happiness to normal people. If to pay closer attention to different circumstances that make women bent on abortion, it turns out that in some cases abortion can be a moral resolution of a case.

British Sky Broadcasting Limited Essay Example for Free

British Sky Broadcasting Limited Essay The share price calculated for BskyB using the residual income valuation model is  £ 3.72, which is  £ 5.64 below the market share price of around  £ 9.36. Reason for such depleted share price is that the profits reported by BskyB are not showing the impact of the equity capital and hence valuing the BskyB stock on the basis of reported profit for the period doesn’t show the true and fair view of BskyB share price. The price calculate by using the residual income valuation model is showing that how the cost of equity capital has affected the profits of BskyB and thus reporting a decreased value of the company and for the share price as well. Operating income predicted on the basis of the growth rate is showing a constant increase in the operating income in the future period. It is very important for BskyB to achieve a higher rate of growth in revenues which will ultimately gives rise to the need of investing in BskyB’s operating assets and thus both variables will end up with the increased value of company per share for the next period forecast. As the value of company is equal to the net present value of future cash flows discounted at appropriate rate of return to the investor. So the company should try focusing growth in its revenue rather than expending its business in the UK and around the globe. Return on net operating assets of BskyB is also decreasing in the next three years period. The decrease is miner but this is a sign that BskyB could be in more depressed financial conditions if attention is not paid to the growth rate of revenue. As in the above graph the return on net operating assets has been dropped from 49.00% to 48.99%. As the investors are much interested in the future prospects of the company rather than the historical performance of company. At first instance the investor will forecast the value of its investment and if the investment is generating some additional amount on their investment and if investment is not generating any additional return on it then they will consider the alternative company to invest. Following would be the basic assumptions: 1- The stock price can be predicted by using the residual income valuation model. 2- The relationship of current stock price and between the predicted share prices is significant. 3- Share piece of BskyB calculated using the residual income method divided by the current share price is more reliable and appropriate as compared to the book value of stock divided by the current value of stock. 4- The cost of capital will remain the same in the period under forecast which is 5.73%. 5- Terminal value will grow at the rate of industrial sector growth which is 4.00%. 6- Tax rate will not change. 7- Company will invest continuously in its operating assets. Investment recommendations: 1-As BskyB Vodafone are already partners, Vodafone has its customer base and the BskyB has the numerous type of entertainment and various license for the sports events. Recently the BskyB has announced that for the upcoming soccer league season the company has spent 299 million pound. If company sign a contract with Vodafone to show its direct broadcast to the Vodafone users than it will not only enhance the customer base of BskyB but will also promotes its sport broadcasting channels. (Thomson, 2014) Moreover, this could be more beneficial if the company also provides high speed broad band services to its Vodafone customer on a very cheap rate by introducing some attractive sport events covering packages. As the company has a strong customer base of 4.9 million. This will certainly be increased by taking over this investment opportunity. Because the competitor there is capturing the market share very rapidly (British Telecommunications) and due to BT BskyB has lost 1.5 billion pound of its value in November. So it is much vital for BskyB to maximize the revenue by investing in secure opportunities. (PLUNKETT, 2014) 2- â€Å"British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc, known as BskyB, (BSYBY.PK,BSY.L), Friday said it agreed to invest $8 million in Luminari Capital, a venture capital fund focusing on technology and media startup companies that operate within the theme of innovation in video. This investment is expected to aid Sky to choose relevant startup companies to partner with in the future†. (British Sky To Invest $8 Mln In Luminari Capital Quick Facts, 2013) As the broadcasting industry needs continuously development and up gradation of its broadcasting technology and thus it will need investment to achieve that level of competitive broadcasting to compete within the industry and make keep its distinctive position in the UK  broadcasting industry. Furthermore, UK film industry has also called for investment from BskyB of 20 million pound annually; this is major part of the annual investment in the UK film industry which signifies the position of BskyB in the UK broadcasting industry. (Macnab, 2014) As the strategy of BskyB has always remain customer focused and the company has always aimed high to serve its customer with its robust and highly innovative broadcasting technology, from a long period the company has reaped the fruits of its consumer focused strategies. So again the company has the opportunity to gain several film licenses by dominating is position to generate considerable cash flows in future. Already the company is the choice of around 40% of the British household and such continuous significant investment opportunities can turn the ship of BskyB around the globe. 3-As the company is in the industry in which it is required to maintain a research and development for its broadcasting equipment. Currently the company pays a large portion of its earning to the supplier for the payment of equipment which it has purchased time to time. If the company invests in such a operating facility which is well equipped and has the capacity to produce the all tangible broadcasting equipment and as it will also have its RD department then off course it can innovate its products in house and frequently. This will also be considered as separate revenue generating business segment of BskyB which will ultimately increase the company’s potential to increase its revenue in upcoming periods. BskyB can also sell those in house broadcasting equipment to other organizations operating under the umbrella of the broadcasting. More over a company like BskyB must also consider the investing in the other competitors as it has already invested in many other media and broadcasting companies. this will help the company in a manner, if in a certain year the company remains unable to show increase in its revenue it will be compensated by earning revenue from its short term or long term investments. References: Thomson, A. 2014. Vodafone Said to Discuss Sharing Broadband With BSkyB in U.K. [online] 20 January. Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-20/vodafone-said-to-discuss-sharing-broadband-with-bskyb-in-u-k-.html [Accessed: 31 March]. PLUNKETT, S. 2014. Vodafone, BSkyB in talks to curb BTs broadband reach report. [online] 19 January. Available at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/19/uk-vodafone-bskyb-idUKBREA0I09C20140119 [Accessed: 31 March 2014]. British Sky To Invest $8 Mln In Luminari Capital Quick Facts. 2013. [online] 15 November. Available at: http://www.rttnews.com/2224924/british-sky-to-invest-8-mln-in-luminari-capital-quick-facts.aspx [Accessed: 31 March]. Macnab, G. 2014. UK panel urges broadcasters to invest. [online] 23 January. Available at: http://www.screendaily.com/news/uk-panel-urges-broadcasters-to-invest/5065719.article [Accessed: 31 March].

Healthy and Safety Review of Business

Healthy and Safety Review of Business WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY BOLT AND CATCH PTY LTD AUDIT AND REVIEW An in-depth review of work health and safety from within the Bolt And Catch Pty Ltd business. This report will additionally include a formal WHS audit and recommendations for improvements to various workplace health and safety aspects of the company. Reported conducted and written by Edin Jusupovic. Scope of Report Report Objectives The objectives will be listed below for this report. Identify Workplace Health and Safety legal requirements for Bolt and Catch. Identify all potential hazards in the B C risk register. Identify potential hazards, assess any associated risk and, in turn, develop appropriate controls for the identified risks additionally record any responsibilities and set key performance indicators in the form of completion dates for any actions that are to be taken. Develop a draft procedure for identifying hazards, hazard assessment procedures and controlling any associated risks. Provide recommendations for ensuring continual compliance with any relevant legislations for workplace health and safety. Conduct an audit of the workplace that will later be used to achieve the outlined report objectives. Parameters The parameters, otherwise known as limitations or scope of this report will be outlined below. Limited to the results obtained through the audit of the report. Parameters limited to the Bolt and Catch business only. Constraints Any applicable constraints to the report will be listed below. Any research must be using appropriate legislations that are applicable Australia wide or local (applicable to NSW) and as such, must not use other any other states workplace health and safety laws or legislations for the purpose of this report. COMPANY BACKGROUND Bolt and Catch is an ASIC registered proprietary limited company located in Australia, New South Wales. The company is a large manufacturer of gate bolts and hinges with a long reputable history of well over seventy years in the industry. The company provides a variety of manufacturing products tailored for both commercial and agricultural use. STAFF Bolt and Catch currently employs 120 people spanning a large variety of company areas. These staff departments include areas such as; Human Resources Marketing and Sales Engineering Trade and Production Personnel. AREA OF WORK Bolt and Catch has a primary area of work in manufacturing gate bolts and hinges. These manufactured goods are then deployed by other businesses for a variety of purposes such as commercial and agricultural use. The company engages in both manufacturing and marketing of the products, alongside sales; this is made possible through dedicated departments within the business. The BC risk register can be seen in Appendix A. This register was obtained through Safe Work Australia Code of practice for management of work health and safety risks, 2011 edition. The BC risk register has several functional components; Hazard Harm as a result of identified hazard Likelihood of hazard occurring Level of risk Effectiveness of current controls Further control requirements and suggestions Control implementation information The following may be used in the risk register as identifiers; Level of Risk Scoring CRITICAL A HIGH B MEDIUM C LOW D Likelihood Scoring HIGH A MEDIUM B INTERMEDIATE C LOW D The BC risk register is an important audit tool for reviewing the workplace health and safety at Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd. Purpose The purpose of this document is to create a procedural system for ensuring hazards are identified, assessed based on risk and are controlled to provide effective safety management in the Bolt and Catch workplace. Introduction Through New South Wales workplace health and safety legislation, we identify a PCBU, or otherwise known as a Person Conducting A Business or Undertaking with certain core safety responsibilities under the Work Health and Safety act of 2011. This legislation states that a PCBU must manage risks to health and safety as far as is reasonably practicable. A risk management system involves considering the careful identification of applicable hazards and providing assessment of these risks and hazards followed by the expulsion and removal of any risks in the first occurrence, or, if this is not possible reducing these risks as far as is reasonably practicable. The risk management system is highly recommended for the following reasons; It is an extremely feasible and easily applicable approach and system. Cost effective when compared to similar management systems. Provides a wide range of support for all associated parties including workers, contractors, visitors and any other people associated with Bolt and Catch. Allows Bolt and Catch Pty Ltd to provide the required level of duty of care to all staff, customers and contractors and, so that the company may meet all necessary legislations pertaining to health and safety. Workplace health and safety hazard identification, assessment and potential control is a continuous process that must be executed throughout various periods and situations, these can include; When new data is made available about a risk and/or if issues or concerns are raised about any existing risk. Continuous improvement by ensuring regular reviews at appropriate times in the workplace. The process should be undertaken if it has not been conducted before. The process should be conducted if a hazard has been identified. Undertaken as part of responding to an incident, regardless of whether an injury has or has not occurred. The process should be executed when any changes are introduced and/or any changes that may affect a hazard or cause a potential new hazard. The scope of this can include any changes in the workplace, equipment, procedures, general environment or practices. The procedure outlined below is designed to be an easily applied guide to assist in ensuring the safety for workers, contractors, visitors and any applicable associated parties with Bolts and Catch Pty Ltd. The policy will assist both workers and management, through careful consulting, to comply with workplace health and safety legislation. Recording and bookkeeping of any risk management activities, such as risk assessments and consultation processes will be required. This process will assist in; Discovering any potential new hazards in the workplace. Monitoring, auditing and reviewing the effectiveness of any applied control measures. Setting and determining control measures in order to expel or minimize the magnitude of any risks in the workplace. Conducting assessments to assess the risks that may potentially result from hazards. Definitions This section will provide clarification for any definitions in the policy. PCBU: A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) is a legal term under WHS laws for individuals, businesses or organizations that are conducting business. A person who performs work for a PCBU is considered a worker. Risk: A situation involving exposure to danger. Risk control: Risk control is the method by which firms evaluate potential losses and take action to reduce or eliminate such threats. Risk assessment: a systematic process of evaluating the potential risks that may be involved in a projected activity or undertaking. Hazard: A danger or risk. Hazard identification: Hazard identification is a process used to identify possible situations where people may be exposed to injury, illness or disease, the type of injury or illness that may result from these and the way in which work is organized and managed. WHS: Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or workplace health and safety (WHS), is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work. Monitor and review: Monitoring and reviewing is a planned part of the risk management process and involves regular checking or surveillance. The results should be recorded and reported externally and internally, as appropriate. The results should also be an input to the review and continuous improvement of the firms risk management framework. ACCOUNTABILITY Ensuring the efficient and effective management of risk requires continual commitment to the process and system from all managers and officers, including any input and involvement of workers or applicable staff. The responsibility of workplace health and safety additionally extends to all management and supervisory staff the scope of their role in WHS is to ensure that this policy, in its entirety, is completely implemented in their areas of potential control and, to consult where possible with workers, contractors and any other applicable staff as part of undertaking the hazard identification, risk assessment and control process outlined in this policy. A key accountability area in any WHS policy are officers; whom have a direct responsibility of safeguarding and ensuring that their area or areas of control are completely compliant with all relevant legislative requirements. Risk Assessment Procedure The bibliography section of this report will provide any references to links, images or resources that have been utilized in production of this WHS report. This page has been left blank Appendix A Location: Date: Hazard What is the harm that the hazard could cause? What is the likelihood that the harm would occur? What is the level of risk? How effective are the current controls? What further controls are required? How will the controls be implemented? Action by Due Date When Completed Some staff in the press room are failing to wear protective equipment. Personal Injury. B B Current controls are intermediate however, not enforced. Further safety training required. Supervision. 05/01/2017 10/01/2017 No protective equipment around the three new Chinese press machines. Limb loss. Personal Injury. A A Current controls are poor as the machines lack protection. Implement and add safety equipment to machines. 05/01/2017 08/01/2017 Noise pollution in progress room, staff shouting to communicate. Prolonged exposure can lead to hearing loss. Inability to communicate. C C Current controls are very poorly effective. Supervision to minimize risk. Find new communication methods Implement safety equipment for ears. 05/01/2017 10/01/2017 New Chinese presses do not have adequate safety features no head guarding around stamp press. Machine may malfunction, cause serious safety issue. C A Current controls are extremely poor and nonexistent. Purchase and implement new safety features for the stamp presses. 05/01/2017 07/01/2017 Imported Chinese presses do not have English instructions and have text translated by an employee. Misuse of machine as a result of poor instructions. B B Current controls are intermediately effective. Obtain certified translated instructions by a translator. Ensure staff review new instructions. 05/01/2017 08/01/2017 Sign placement is incorrect start, jog and stop buttons placed out of sight and directly above operators head, outside line of sight. Inability to shut machine off in event of emergency. Inability to reach controls correctly. Operator(s) hurt or injured. A B Current controls in their current state are poor. Placement of signs will need to be moved and adjusted to ensure it is within compliance. Ensure signs can be viewed. 05/01/2017 10/01/2017 Fork lift drivers in carpark. High risk for people who frequent hotel area may result in accidents. B C The current controls in place are not existent and poor. Implement signage. Train and development for forklift drivers. 05/01/2017 09/01/2017

We need crime prevention, not the death penalty Essay -- essays resear

We Need Crime Prevention, Not the Death Penalty For most crimes committed in the United States a fine, sentence of time in jail or execution is the punishment. However, the death penalty is the most questionable punishment. Is it morally right? Is it effective in deterring crime, primarily murders? Weather or not you agree if it is moral or not, one issue remains. The death penalty is not an effective way to deter crime. The death penalty has existed as long as humans have existed. The quote "an eye for an eye" is found in the Bible. In the middle ages fines, public humiliation and imprisonment were appropriate punishments for all crimes, and death penalty for all murders. Today, Federal law states that the death penalty is to be enforced with convicted criminals for: treason; deserting armed forces during wartime; murder committed by a soldier; kidnapping and murder that involves crossing state lines; murder committed during an airplane hijacking; and of course, homicide. The death penalty is also called for punishment of for: attempting to kill anyone investigating or prosecuting his or her activities; advising, directing, authorizing or assisting in the murder of someone. Also, The Anti-Drug abuse act of 1988 calls for the death penalty for all drug related killings. Along with that, The bill amending sec. 848 to controlled substances act calls for the death penalty or life imprisonment for certain drug offences possession of 10 or more kg of heroin, cocaine, phencyclidine or analogue. Added to that, The drug kingpin act sates the use of death penalty for convicted major drug dealers caught with huge quantities of drugs, over 66 lbs. of heroin and 330 lbs. of cocaine. Even though there are these federal laws requiring the use of the death penalty for the crimes, State laws only consider one crime, murder, to be a capital offense. In the United States alone there have been 4047 executions since 1930, and 188 were from 1977-1996. In 1996, there were a total of 15,168,100 arrests; 33,050 for forcible rape; 1,506,200 involving drug violations and 19,020 for murder and non-negligent manslaughter. The death penalty was enforced 45 times. The death penalty is an expensive punishment, since 1976 the united states have spent 700 million dollars in it. Methods of the death pen... ...s no effect on the deteration of crimes. Statistics show that there is no relationship between the number of crimes committed in death penalty states and the number of crimes committed in non-death penalty states. While a majority of people believes the death penalty is a good punishment for crimes, they do not believe it helps get rid of and prevent crime. Other methods such as increased police officers and a decrease on the availability of handguns are 2 of many alternatives in prevention crimes. Enforcing a harsh punishment for committing a crime is not an effective way to prevent it from happening. Preventing crimes from happening is the most effective way to deter crime. Bibliography "Crimes, Politics and Race" Harvard Journal of law and Public Policy Winter 1997: pg. 405 "Death Penalty Information Center", 1997 http://www.esential.org/dpic/dpic.html (8 Feb. 1998) Nardo, Don Death Penalty San Diego: Lucent Books Inc, 1992 Wekesser, Carol The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991 World Almanac and Book of Facts 1998 Mahwah, NJ: world Almanac and Book of Facts, 1997 We need crime prevention, not the death penalty Essay -- essays resear We Need Crime Prevention, Not the Death Penalty For most crimes committed in the United States a fine, sentence of time in jail or execution is the punishment. However, the death penalty is the most questionable punishment. Is it morally right? Is it effective in deterring crime, primarily murders? Weather or not you agree if it is moral or not, one issue remains. The death penalty is not an effective way to deter crime. The death penalty has existed as long as humans have existed. The quote "an eye for an eye" is found in the Bible. In the middle ages fines, public humiliation and imprisonment were appropriate punishments for all crimes, and death penalty for all murders. Today, Federal law states that the death penalty is to be enforced with convicted criminals for: treason; deserting armed forces during wartime; murder committed by a soldier; kidnapping and murder that involves crossing state lines; murder committed during an airplane hijacking; and of course, homicide. The death penalty is also called for punishment of for: attempting to kill anyone investigating or prosecuting his or her activities; advising, directing, authorizing or assisting in the murder of someone. Also, The Anti-Drug abuse act of 1988 calls for the death penalty for all drug related killings. Along with that, The bill amending sec. 848 to controlled substances act calls for the death penalty or life imprisonment for certain drug offences possession of 10 or more kg of heroin, cocaine, phencyclidine or analogue. Added to that, The drug kingpin act sates the use of death penalty for convicted major drug dealers caught with huge quantities of drugs, over 66 lbs. of heroin and 330 lbs. of cocaine. Even though there are these federal laws requiring the use of the death penalty for the crimes, State laws only consider one crime, murder, to be a capital offense. In the United States alone there have been 4047 executions since 1930, and 188 were from 1977-1996. In 1996, there were a total of 15,168,100 arrests; 33,050 for forcible rape; 1,506,200 involving drug violations and 19,020 for murder and non-negligent manslaughter. The death penalty was enforced 45 times. The death penalty is an expensive punishment, since 1976 the united states have spent 700 million dollars in it. Methods of the death pen... ...s no effect on the deteration of crimes. Statistics show that there is no relationship between the number of crimes committed in death penalty states and the number of crimes committed in non-death penalty states. While a majority of people believes the death penalty is a good punishment for crimes, they do not believe it helps get rid of and prevent crime. Other methods such as increased police officers and a decrease on the availability of handguns are 2 of many alternatives in prevention crimes. Enforcing a harsh punishment for committing a crime is not an effective way to prevent it from happening. Preventing crimes from happening is the most effective way to deter crime. Bibliography "Crimes, Politics and Race" Harvard Journal of law and Public Policy Winter 1997: pg. 405 "Death Penalty Information Center", 1997 http://www.esential.org/dpic/dpic.html (8 Feb. 1998) Nardo, Don Death Penalty San Diego: Lucent Books Inc, 1992 Wekesser, Carol The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991 World Almanac and Book of Facts 1998 Mahwah, NJ: world Almanac and Book of Facts, 1997